In this sequel to the article series, an overview of the basic elements of electrical floor heating and their properties is given.

This section and the remaining two parts of the underfloor heating series are dedicated to a method that has also been used for many years, namely direct conversion of electrical energy into heat in the floor. Also, underfloor heating technology is well processed by component manufacturers and suppliers. Many assembly companies are currently operating in this area, and it is not unusual for builders to install them under the supervision of an expert and self-help. A considerable number of supporters are interested in direct use of electric power for floor heating, especially thanks to the easy and very precise regulation and low purchase costs. This type of underfloor heating does not allow cooling.

The article describes theoretical and practical information about using thermal activation of concrete core ceilings in the Czech Republic. The reader will get comprehensive information for solving the problems of installing, designing and managing such a system.

Underfloor heating in a general explanation can also be considered heating designed convectors, which are installed in the floor. In this case, the thermal energy in the rooms does not enter or exit from the entire floor area, but only a part of it, the surface occupied by the convector.

The study deals with the measurement of microclimatic (indoor climatic) parameters and questionnaire survey in open-space offices. It describes the building, the air conditioning system and the parameters that have been assessed in the space. The paper shows the problems associated with the assessment of the thermal-humidity microclimate according to the subjective feelings of the occupants. It is an introductory work to the analysis of objective and subjective assessment in the space with uneven thermal-humidity microclimate.

Hot water pipe floor heating consists of many parts. The most important are briefly described below. The most common installation errors are listed.

The paper deals with the problem of optimal sizing of battery-powered hybrid power systems for HV extraction installations, where electricity consumption diagrams are available and it can be assumed that the nature of the operation will not change when photovoltaic technology is installed with battery storage. This is a difficult task, as each installation is specific to its nature of consumption, energy prices, location and investor requirements. The article outlines how to solve this problem by using the numerical optimization methods implemented in MicrOpt Design, the use of which is shown in a specific example.

In this section of the underfloor heating article series, the author continues to provide information on hot-water floor heating with flexible tubes from an installation perspective.

In this second part of the series and the other two sections we will focus on hot-water floor heating with flexible tubes.

The paper assesses, based on numerical simulations, the variant placement of the radiator in a heated corner room with two windows. Unlike in the past times, when the installation of a radiator under each window was recommended in such a room, interesting conclusions are reached when taking into consideration the current recommended thermo-technical properties of the building structures.

Floor heating supplies heat in heated rooms by transferring from the floor. A large part of the heating system is installed in the floor. For a number of benefits, underfloor heating is being built in living rooms, family and apartment buildings, utility rooms, shops, industry, etc., and more often than ever before. It is also common today to combine several different types of heating, with the floor forming the base. In the event that the floor heating is designed with a hot water form, its function of distributing heat to the rooms can be turned to remove heat from the rooms and then serve for cooling.

Accurate determination of the type of hot water boiler for solid fuels plays an important role in terms of obligations imposed on boiler operators by Czech legislation, in terms of subsidies, etc. The most serious duty will be the closure of some boilers by September 2022.

The paper deals with the emission of noise from chimneys and air-conditioning exhausts in the free space. Chimneys in general are vertical flue ducts designed to remove flue gases from combustion devices. The paper does not only address these cases, but extends to the termination of vertical piping systems into the atmosphere in general, addressing also the case of the discharge of degraded air into the outdoor environment through a pipeline of a certain dimension.

This article describes the reconstruction and extension of the truck service with underfloor heating. The author also complements the operator's experience.

The author analyzes promises related to the offer of chemical cleaning of heating systems. He analyzes the physical conditions in real operation and derives from them whether chemical cleaning, removal of internal deposits, can have positive consequences.

Measuring and control devices as well as other HVAC systems, run through their lifecycle, at the end of which the system needs to be reconstructed. A key condition for a successful retrofit is to determine the required life of the refurbished equipment.

The knowledge of internal heat gains from people performing certain activities is important for energy simulation calculations. The most commonly used data are present in Czech standard for heat load calculation, based on the values specified in ASHRAE. The standard greatly simplifies heat production from children. A calculation based on the heat balance presents a production of sensible and latent heat from people, depending on age, physical proportions, type of activity and thermal conditions in space. The results are compared with the data presented in the literature including the ratio between convection and radiation heat flow. The main goal of the analysis is to determine the heat flow from the children as an input for energy simulation calculations of school buildings.

In the case of building management, innovation is mainly used to improve the quality of the indoor environment and the comfort of people in the bulding. The role of the energy management of buildings is getting to a whole new position, where each measure is considered not only by looking at money and financial savings, but also by performance and above all health of people.