Total recoverable shale gas reserves in China are currently estimated at 31.5 trillion cubic meters, which amounts to second largest (after USA) shale gas reserves in the world. Other Asian shale gas resources are located in India and Pakistan, Indonesia, Australia and Russia. Deposits of shale gas with potential for mining are also found in North and South Africa, Middle East and throughout Europe.
Second part of serial focuses on solar collectors. Basic axioms of solar thermal engineering are lost if designer or installation company wants to supply the a solar system at all „costs“. It is not easy to recognize the quality of solar collector at first sight. But i tis simpler and less expensive to make a cross-check of the solar collector than to replace one after another by new ones because of low heat output.
During the manufacturing of plastic products a waste heat rises. This energy is usually liquidated. Energetically and ecologically more efficient is to reuse the waste heat as it does in company IMS Drašnar Inc. located in Česká Třebová, Czech Republic. The usage of the system of waste heat recovery is described below.
There are no indicators (ie not an individual) that would measure the consumption of heat. The ones that are declared various lobbyists and some officials of ministries the term "devices registering heat energy supply", registering an ordinary temperature, according to which no one is able to determine the individual consumption of heat. Neither exactly nor approximately!
The article gives an overview of heat pumps installed in houses. For air/water heat pumps is important to observe the temperature range at which the device is able to operate and on the parameters of noise. For ground/water heat pumps are given the required depth of the borehole and surface area of the collector. The price for a complete installation of the heat source with heat pump varies from 150 000 to 500 000 CZK.
With an increasing number of installations pellet boilers and stoves in the Czech Republic (at the beginning of 2015 were registered about 21.000 installations of pellet boilers and 6.000 installations of pellet stoves) multiplies a number of service technicians and of course we also meet with different quality of service and installation. For this reason, at the end of 2014, appointed by the Regional Court in Brno, the first judge advocate witness for stoves, fireplaces, boilers and stoves for pellets Mr. Michal Nejezchleb. For the following interview he asked by Mr. Vladimir Stupavský, representing Czech producers and distributors of pellets and biomass boilers.
This year’s ISH fair (Installation, Sanitär, Heizung), held on March 10 to 14, 2015 in Frankfurt, Germany, had a slogan “Comfort meets technology”. It means that the companies aim to supply not only technologically advanced products, but also products with comfortable and easy operation. For systems and components for HVAC controls it means primarily easy-to-understand user interfaces with clean design. It showed primarily at room units, thermostats, and lights and blinds controllers with touchscreens and housings of simple shapes. Regarding system integrators, the point was in making configuration tools easy, and bringing part of the decision-making process to the engineering tools, thus cut down the engineering and commissioning time. Many booths claimed energy savings and energy management, which mostly meant classical SCADA systems and metering data acquisition, as energy management is expert activity, for which the SCADA and communication systems just provide the input data.
Domat Control System backed the hands-on experience this time. Visitors could try engineering and configuration tools at two test desks with both popular controllers (FC010, UC100, IPLC) and news like mark100 to markMX process stations range, programmable in Merbon IDE, the new engineering tool, which supports function blocks (FB) and structured text (ST) as well as compiling of customized function blocks. “Customers like especially support of standard communication protocols, like Modbus, OPC, and BACnet, together with more than 50 system drivers for third party systems, all of this well priced. The Domat components are used not only at homogenous building control systems, but also as a way how to integrate other technologies into third party SCADAs and management systems,” says Michal Šeda, head of product sales department. “With the most active distributors, Vedotech and S+S Regeltechnik, we discussed the market situation and acquired inspiration for further development.” Visitors were also attracted by a new room unit with hi-res colour touchscreen.
Domat Control System s.r.o. is Czech manufacturer of HVAC and energy control systems. The company was established in 2004, starting activities in energy management and control in 2008 by supplies of photovoltaic monitoring systems. About 55 % of the volume in 2013 was export.
First shale gas mining activities started in Appalachian mountains in United States of America in 1821. Since the start of 21st century shale gas has become an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States. The focus on unconventional gas resources gradually spreads also to other parts of the world. Shale gas reserves worldwide are estimated at 331 trillion cubic meters. The largest producer of shale gas today is USA, but plans to develop shale gas mining are considered also in other parts of the world – from Europe to South Africa, from China to Argentina.
The article describes a procedure for sizing of heat pumps. These devices are often dimensioned for economic reasons only approximately 70 % of the heating load of the building. Variability of heating capacity and power input can be seen from the heating capacity performance curves. Declared heating capacity of heat pumps is given in the parameters of the standard EN 14511. For the purposes of sizing is necessary to work with a heating capacity at maximum heating load.
Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped within shale formations. Main source of organic matter for genesis of oil and natural gas was plankton. Gradual and lengthy process of oil formation took place in past geological periods and lasted millions of years. Movement of emerged oil and natural gas from source rock to other geologic formations is called migration. We distinguish between primary and secondary migration. The deposits of hydrocarbons are usually divided to conventional and unconventional.
In the last article on the regeneration of residential buildings, I said that additional contributions will be more focused on topics that are crucial for the effective functioning of the heating system, or which are controversial perception among the general public. The first topic that fully meets the two criteria is the heat transfer between the different flats in apartment houses.
Czech Republic is at the beginning of an extensive exchange of unsatisfactory heat sources. On the one hand we have a “straw man” of the Law on Air Protection, on the other hand a helping hand in case of national subsidies. In the following text we show some subsidies for small heating sources in 2015 in the Czech Republic.
The article describes the results of global pellet markets and especially detailed analysis of production and consumption of certified ENplus pellets in the world for the last year. Major trends in the pellet industry are described mainly from the perspective of Europe, which is a defining market for czech market.
Text is focused on the energy effectiveness of the heat pump installations operated in the system for space heating and domestic hot water preparation. Conventional heat pumps are operated in hot water system with low coefficient of performance (COP). Heat demand structure in multifamily buildings with high heat use for hot water influences the energy effectiveness of heat pump operation. Moreover, combination with space heating results in high installed heat capacity of the units which is not used during the year.
The ozone layer is essential for life on Earth. It protects the biosphere against excessive doses of UV radiation. Anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting CFCs caused a serious problem. Fortunately thanks to the Montreal Protocol and its appendices the ozone layer regenerates today, virtually on a global scale. Restoration of the ozone layer is accelerated by climate change, what in the future could lead to a lack of UV radiation.
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