Some currently manufactured pipe systems have fittings thats design causes big pressure loss. It is especially fittings having a smaller internal diameter than the inner diameter of the tubes that they connect. It is necessary during the calculation to consider the actual pressure loss of fittings.

The Russian Federation guarantees one-third of natural gas supply to the European Union. This share has to grow in the medium term to one half. But this is disputed by many critics, mainly because no newly opened bearings and no investment to new projects. What is the real state of the gas production in Russia?

The decision to additional thermal insulation of facade begins with a question "what's million-dollar investment will bring us". Many of the available information we find say that it will bring about 50% savings in heating. The heat meter, installed at the inlet of connecting pipe to the heating system should therefore show the half consumption of heat than before, but usually the results are very different - in both directions.

Less experienced operating managers in the branch of mechanical services of building can easily get difficulty in identifying the causes of technical problems, which sometimes a common practice brings. The article gives a table of causes and effects of defects and disorders related to cooling and heat sources.

The article is focused on methods of verification of declared and year-round efficiency of condensing boiler with heat storage tank, which is based on the knowledge of the temperature of discharged gas and the frequency of outdoor temperature during the heating season.

The paper is focused on general description of boilers and their basic classification on the basis of using fuels and main design differences. There are mentioned general descriptions and parameters of particular sorts of boilers. There is put the most emphasis on water tube boilers for combustion of solid fuel and description of grate systems.

Decree 276/2007 regulates the revisions of boilers with a rated output of 20 kW to 200 kW and over 200 kW and it is to be used for heating of buildings located in these buildings. It is not applied to boilers designed exclusively for heating and hot water in family houses.

Wide range of air cooled Compact Heat Exchangers is used in Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration industry (HVAC-R). Compact heat exchangers large air side area is characteristic for air cooled condensing units. Comparison includes 3 types of cross flow heat exchangers. These are expanded copper round tube on aluminium fin, expanded aluminium round tube on aluminium fin and extruded aluminium multiport flat tube heat exchanger with corrugated aluminium fin. Compactness of heat exchanger, pressure losses or its performance is in many cases the decisive parameter for customer choice. An article compares these parameters on various cross flow heat exchanger types in performance ranges 5kW and 60kW. Performance is measured in ambient temperature conditions of 25°C, due to the 40°C of condensing temperature and azeotropic refrigerant R404A, which is common medium for Air Conditioning systems. Selected performances are chosen to compare results on real applications, which is house air-conditioning unit at first case and bigger one for residence air-conditioning system or small industrial cooling.

The amount of volume coefficient depends on elevation of location of gas consumption and the temperature of gas flowing through the gasometer. In this paper we describe the procedure by which you can check that the coefficient of volume on the invoice is correct. The coefficient is one of the factors that affect your cost of gas.

The paper deals with basic separation of fuels and their classification on the basis of various points of view. There are mentioned descriptions of basic characteristics of fuels which are usually determined for standard fuels. Lastly, there are mentioned general parameters of the most widespread fuels and short description of incineration.

This article contains extracts from the new TPG 941 02 Solution flue gas from appliances burning gaseous fuels. Inspections and audits of flues. The rule continues, quotes and refers to the standard CSN 73 4201.

The article deals with the introduction of underground heat exchanger for preheating and precooling air for buildings. The introduction is devoted to the description of the system and its individual components and parameters that influence the behavior and performance of the system most. The second part presents a simple model, where you can see how each change affects the actual parameters of heat and cold, which can be gotten from the system.

Regular inspection is focused on boilers and smoke flue, its accessories, security and regulation. The article presents the second example of inspection of an old thermal system with modern atmospheric gas boiler in a house with new windows and thermoinsulation of the facade.

Regular inspection is focused on boilers and smoke flue, its accessories, security and regulation. The article presents an example of inspection of the thermal system with older atmospheric gas boiler in a house without insulation. Technical details of the revision are completed with final report as a result of the inspection .

The structure of electricity prices, focused on the history and the contribution of the support of electricity production from renewable energy sources, combined heat and power generation and secondary energy sources.

Micro-level is optimization of the individual segments of the heating system, for example, greater operating efficiency of heat recovery units. Followed by middle-level, such as designing of heating circuits, and the macro-level - management optimalisation due to energy consumption.

The author in his article deals with intermittent heating of buildings, specifically optimizing the operation of the heating system so that the change in the heating mode - in compliance with the required quality of the indoor environment during the heating breaks - achieved economic savings due to reduced output of the heating system design.

Supply of gas or electricity is so important that many customers do not want to risk a possible interruption when changing suppliers. New legislative rules defined in an amendment to the Energy Act No. 458/2000 Coll. (as amended by Act No. 211/2011 Coll.) but fill existing gaps in legislation and establish a procedure for changing supplier.

The article describes the methodology of experimental verifying of the performance of heat pump in real conditions. Namely the air-water type of heat pump was evaluated. Heat pump has been observed in extreme climatic conditions and the resulting measured and calculated parameters were compared with the parameters specified by its manufacturer.