The European Union is committed to reducing energy consumption in the built environment. Since the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) represents approximately 11% of the total electricity consumption in Europe, these systems are an important part of the commitment of the EU. In this article, we discuss two specific aspects of HVAC energy efficiency, both are based on that understanding how the commercial buildings work in real life is the first step towards reducing energy consumption.

For understanding the issue it is always necessary to clarify the basic concepts and definitions, in this case associated with the construction of solid fuel boilers and their operation. Where possible, the author used the definition quoted in some of the standards for this type of resource.

In connection with the implementation of the revised European Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings, certain legislative provisions such as Decree No. 148/2007, Coll. Replaced by Decree No. 78/2013, Coll. are currently amending. This article is focused on the changes associated with the energy certification of buildings, the "ENB", from the perspective of changes in the evaluation ENB.

The new standard CSN 75 5409 is valid from March 1^st 2013. Technical Report on protection against Legionella will apply from May 1^st 2013. In case of conflict of energy saving and hygiene prevails hygiene. Size of the hot water tank is chosen according to the requirement of heat pump. Volume of accumulation of solar systems is about 50 l / m ² of collector area.

This report is the result of processing all the available statistical sources. Report contains just evaluation of statistical data. It cannot cover all the techno-economic issues and relations in the sectors, which go beyond the survey. The report includes data on molded fuels (briquettes and pellets) made from biomass (wood and plant), peat, coal and paper.

The evaluation of the heating period for the calendar year 2010 is useful for producers and consumers, who work on a January-December regime. It also provides data to energy experts for assessing the operational energy consumption of buildings. It also provides figures for the controlling of boilers, according the Decree 276/2007 Coll.

Since the combustion of solid fuels in heating boilers is attended by emissions of pollutants, in individual EU countries are gradually adopted different tightening requirements (emission and efficiency), which the appliance must meet. Requirements are targeted both the producers or importers of the combustion devices and theirs' operators. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current and oncoming requirements and also show their comparison.

The Autor employs himself in different accesses concerning the heating and the WSW preparation for low energy houses. He provides both general recommendations and shows specific solutions with relevant energy indicators.

The paper focuses on the conditions of fire and risk connected with dust layer. The next part is about thermal degradation of biomass and heat transfer on dust layer. The next part shows test methods for flame spread. The connection of dust layer and possible secondary explosion. In the article is highlighted connection with space and equipment cleaning due to ČSN EN 60079-10-2.

The Author describes heating and cooling in administrative building of development and structural centre of the firm Velteko that utilizes heat gains from production machinery and technical elements equipping the interior in the dependency to the heat need, in his contribution.

Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT) conducted in early 2012 regular statistical survey. On its basis it is possible to refine the estimate of the supply and installation of heat pumps in 2011. The available information indicates that in 2011 for the Czech market was delivered about 7,000 heat pumps with a total capacity of about 86 MW.

Floors are made by construction layers of different materials with unequal functions and characteristics. This formation creates functional unit. According to the material of bearing layer dry and traditional floor systems are distinguished. In dry floors the bearing layer is made by board prefabricated element, e. g. gypsum fiber board, cement bonded particle board or oriented strand board.
Floors must be designed in accordance with legislative and technical requirements. Thermal and technical requirements are of basic significance. Guarantee of required contact temperature decline value presents a significant parameter for ensuring the thermal comfort.
This article compares an influence of three materials of dry floors bearing layer and two materials of wearing layer on the value of contact temperature decline.

Especially in terms of energy savings and safety must enforce closed appliances category C. It must not, however, commit inappropriate application of new regulations such as Government Regulation No. 91/2010 terms of fire safety during the operation of chimneys, flues and heating appliances.

The Energy Research Centre test was carried out in various types of boilers and stoves more than a thousand of combustion tests with solid fuel. Based on their results, the authors of this article seeks to define four basic parameters that most influence the quality of combustion and emissions of pollutants.

Making sense of the information in the field of heating is not easy. Users of heating systems are exposed to the pitfalls of commercialism and the effort to save expensive heat is forcing people to meet clashing opinions in an environment of rumors, myths, and chimeras. The one who deceives us can do it deliberately, or is victim of false reasoning, since heating is not an easy field. Let’s get the whole situation a little more transparent.

Nowadays, everyone would like to certainly know how to efficiently convert a stock of fuel into heat which warms up your home. This article focus on method which measures the efficiency of combustion equipment easily. Based on this information, anyone can optimize his/her combustion device and hereby increase its efficiency. This will reduce fuel consumption, which can result in significant cost savings.

The unfavorable trend in the development of carbon monoxide poisoning in the operation of gas appliances category B hasn’t, despite increasing technical performance of these appliances, downward trend. What is the responsibility of manufacturers, operators, assembly and service companies, engineering inspectors and citizens - users in the operation of gas appliances in case of poisoning?

The unfavorable trend in the development of carbon monoxide poisoning in the operation of gas appliances category B hasn’t, despite increasing technical performance of these appliances, downward trend. What is the responsibility of manufacturers, operators, assembly and service companies, engineering inspectors and citizens - users in the operation of gas appliances in case of poisoning?

Mathematical description of a linear dynamic system can be obtained in various ways. Theoretical models are desirable when basic physical laws of nature are known that describes the relationship between input and output signals, mostly in terms of differential equations. If this is not case, approximate dynamic characterization may be received from the statistical analysis of experimental data. The paper describes techniques used in building thermal simulations, with particular focus on state-space models. If excited by real meteorological conditions, momentaneous temperature variations in an enclosure could be computed that are prerequisites for analysis of long-term heating loads, particularly if the model is exploited as a part of the advanced control system.

This paper deals with the issue of comparing simulations for steady and unsteady thermal state at the massive structures. In this paper, computer simulations are compared with real measurements and measurements of climatic data. The evaluation showed that the steady-state temperature can be comparing with real model used after the end of the accumulation phase. It is evident that the requirements for the temperature factor of the internal surface of the solid structures, set by legislation, are a safe assumption.