The emissions trading scheme, EU's flagship climate policy tool, is at a turning point. With the price of carbon hovering way below €5 per tonne and a glut of permits on the market, something must be fixed or the instrument will turn to dust. As a first step towards correcting the problem, the European Commission has proposed a measure to withhold pollution permits temporarily, a process called ‘back-loading'. Back-loading appears harmless enough as all withheld allowances would re-enter the market before the end of this decade. Therefore the European Commission and many stakeholders recognise that structural measures are needed so that the ETS would support the transition towards a low-carbon economy.

In recent years, there are significant technical and legislative changes in the field of thermal energy, efficiency of its production, distribution and use. The legislation went so far that it begins to interfere with the rights of users (consumers of heat). This is despite validity of the rules heating, where are relatively well established technical requirements for the design, supply and installation of heating systems, their regulation and compliance with temperatures in heated rooms. This happened on the basis of the rules that began to budgeted costs for consumed heat in a way that does not correspond to physical principles and real heat transfer and requires it in this case controversial obligations (Decree No. 372/2001 Sb., Act 318/2012 Sb. and the Act 67 / 2013 Sb.).

After we showed in the previous article the current situation in sales of boilers on the Czech market, we bring now evaluation of data collected by the Association of heating technology (APTT) for the period 2005-2012 on the heating units.

In practice we constantly fix difficulties in applying the conditions for the correct placement of appliances category B, that take away combustion air from the sorrounding of the appliance and the flue gas is removed through the flue and chimney above the roof. It is important to mention that this category of appliance participates most in flue gas poisoning including poisoning with fatal aftermath, occurring in tens of cases in the Czech Republic for the year. It is caused by the incorrect application of regulatory requirements, ie in particular the TPG 704 01.

Sales of heat sources in the Czech Republic has in the last few years permanently decreasing trend. Stems from the data collected by the Association of heating technology (APTT). In the following, we bring evaluate the results of annual sales of heat sources processed on the basis of information obtained from the producers of heating technology.

Emission limits for small combustion devices are becoming stricter. So far, the manufacturers of these devices successfully meet these limits by primary measures, but in the future we can expect greater use of secondary measures. The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of the use of catalytic converters and results obtained on a real combustion device.

In practice we constantly fix difficulties in applying the conditions for the correct placement of appliances category B, that take away combustion air from the sorrounding of the appliance and the flue gas is removed through the flue and chimney above the roof. It is important to mention that this category of appliance participates most in flue gas poisoning including poisoning with fatal aftermath, occurring in tens of cases in the Czech Republic for the year. It is caused by the incorrect application of regulatory requirements, ie in particular the TPG 704 01.

Production of pollutants are associated with the burning of solid fuels in local fireboxes (stoves, fireplaces, tile stoves) and that is why different and more restrictive requirements (emission and efficiency) are subsequently accepted in respective countries in the EU. The requirements are aimed mainly at the manufacturer or importer of combustion equipment, whose are obliged to approve their fulfillment by the placing on the market (certification). This is a different approach in comparison with hot water boilers, where the requirements are directed not only to manufacturers and importers, but also to the operator. Partly, this is changed for the Czech Republic, where the new “Clean Air Act” also introduces obligations for operators of local fireboxes with heating exchanger (part of the heat is transferred into heating water). The aim of this article is to provide an overview of existing and planned requirements and also make their comparisons.

Centralized provision of hot water in the apartment building is associated with the specifics of four (commercial space, unmetered amount of heat for the preparation and distribution of hot water, the limits of specific consumption of heat, heat supply technology for domestic hot water through residential transfer stations).

The paper analyses available data sources on the use of renewable energy in Czech households from which it is possible to derive the current distribution of these sources in the Czech residential sector. Available data provide information about biomass, solar and heat pump installations. The data indicate that the most frequently used renewable energy source among Czech households is biomass, which is the main source of heating in approximately 8 % of inhabited dwellings. Heat pumps are installed in 0.5 % and solar energy is used in at least 1 % of all the Czech inhabited dwellings. It also indicates that these renewable energy sources are far more used in detached family houses rather than in apartment houses. Overall, most of the renewable energy sources used in Czech households are in the Central Bohemian Region, the least in Karlovy Vary Region and the capital city of Prague. Although the datasets do not provide enough evidence to derive any reliable development trends, they provide useful information on the minimal distribution of these resources in the past 10 years and also the effect of selected policy instruments to support the use of these resources on Czech households in comparison with the situation before they came into force.

This report is the result of processing all the available statistical sources that relate to the development of small combustion devices supply on the domestic market and its structure. Department of Resources and Energy Statistics acceded to this investigation due to the lack of comprehensive information about the number of devices, and to demand for this type of information.

Building Act (Act. No. 183/2006 Coll.) in its regulations frequently uses the term of built up area, particularly in the context of built up area of building (hereinafter referred to as “built up area”). Correct determination of built up area is highly significant. Unfortunately, the Building Act did not contain a definition and a method of determining the built up area.
On January 1, 2013 came into effect an extensive amendment of the Building Act (Act No. 350/2012 Coll.). The aim of a legislature was to bring clarity and to provide clear way to determine the built up area. This is defined in § 2 clause (7) of this Act. This definition is not considered unambiguous, though.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the regulations of the Building Act in detail and to find a probable way of correct determination of the built up area. All facts presented in this paper should be taken as the opinions of the authors and should not be considered as a binding interpretation of the law, which is due only to the independent court.

This report is the result of processing all the available statistical sources that relate to the development of small combustion devices supply on the domestic market and its structure. Department of Resources and Energy Statistics acceded to this investigation due to the lack of comprehensive information about the number of devices, and to demand for this type of information.

The University Centre of Energy Efficient Buildings is a newly established interdisciplinary research institute of Czech Technical University focused to energy efficient buildings having the healthy indoor environment that, at the same time, are environmentally friendly. The main objective for the Centre establishment is the development of technologies for the energy demand reduction and the efficient improvement of natural sources concerning new constructions and reconstructions of existing buildings. The objective is to be achieved by the holistic approach, the expert knowledge concentration from the field of architecture, construction, mechanical engineering, information technologies, and hygiene of indoor environment and the top instrument equipment of the Centre.

In relation with the implementation of the revised EU Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings are currently changing some of Czech legal regulations and new methodology for energy performance assessment is introduced . This article focuses on an example rating the standard family house with conventional solution of building envelope and technical systems, using the new evaluation method. For this object will be also an obligation to issue an energy performance certificate as required by the Consolidated Act No. 406/2000 Coll., as amended.

As the market for hot-water boiler becomes more attractive, it appears more and more merchants who offer impossible, therefore operating characteristics and parameters, which even the best solid fuel boiler cannot achieve. Also, according to the Clean Air Act requirements significantly tightened for the placing to market and operation of small boilers.

One of the reasons why building with almost zero energy consumption does not meet the expectation is that it may be too complicated. Another factor is that the project may be too optimistic, and other unforeseen factors, such as office equipment, which actually dominates the energy balance of the building.

This paper describes a general principle of air conditioning unit. Individual components and their functions of AHU are described. Finally, it is a model of AHU and the algorithm that is implemented as a software module in a programming environment. The created module is used for functional analysis and evaluation of energy behavior AHU.

Before you decide on a particular boiler, it is necessary to clarify what comfort heating you prefer, what funds you can use, what are the limits of the building and what fuel you can use.

The European Union is committed to reducing energy consumption in the built environment. Since the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) represents approximately 11% of the total electricity consumption in Europe, these systems are an important part of the commitment of the EU. In this article, we discuss two specific aspects of HVAC energy efficiency, both are based on that understanding how the commercial buildings work in real life is the first step towards reducing energy consumption.